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Archive for December, 2011

A few days ago I read of a fire in Fort Gay that had destroyed a building and damaged others plus the Fort Gay city hall.  I wrote Bill Wellman a note asking if he knew of the house and it’s history plus some other comments regarding the area.  If you have read any of Bill’s writing you will know that he has great recall of Fort Gay and the 40’s and 50’s there.  I would have to say  that Fred Reid also has great recall.  Bill sent me the below reply and comments.  I think he expresses things that we would all have liked to have seen to the town of Fort Gay.  Enjoy.

Hi Richard,

  Now that you have opened the door, please allow me to reminisce a bit about that section of town.  First, I looked at the Google satellite photo of that part of town and it looks like that was the only building left on that section of the street.  As I recall, there were three buildings there when I was young.  First, on the corner there was Jim and Fays Tavern.  We overturned the outhouse behind that building one year on Halloween and it rolled all the way down to the creek.  The next building had Carl Frasher’s barber shop and I visited that shop so many times, most often a reluctant visit.  And I believe Carl (or was it Karl?) charged 25 cents per head, sometimes using a hand powered hair clipper.  Does 25 cents sound right for that time?  The other half of that small building housed the Fort Gay Post Office.  Two small grilled windows graced the left wall but I think only one window was ever opened at a time.  The wall opposing the entry door was full of mail boxes, each with its own combination lock.

 Later after the Post Office moved into the new building across the street a mom and pop operated laundry occupied the Post Office space.  I believe I recall who the couple was but can’t be sure because by that time I had been gone from the area for a while.

 The third building there, the one that I think burned, was occupied by Lando Smith family.  I am not sure if he was the long time resident there or not but I can recall only his family there during that time.  During that part of my life Lando was a part-time worker for Ray Ailiff. He may have been retired from some other occupation, I just can’t be sure.  He sometimes worked in the store across the tracks and sometimes he accompanied drivers on the truck routes that Ray operated.  During my early teens, I accompanied Ray in a lot of his trips selling candy, cookies and notions on routes in WVa and Kentucky.  Remember that the three brothers, Ray, William, or Wigg, and Tom had separate routes.  I recall traveling up US 52 to Crum and Kermit and some of the ‘hollows’ around the coal camps a number of times.  Later on, perhaps in 1950, I recall one trip in particular that was a deciding trip for me. Lando was breaking me in on the routes and we stopped at many small stores that served perhaps one or two creeks and hollers in a given area.  On one stop we entered the store that was a raw wooden building, barely more than storage shed.  But it did have a covered porch on the front.  The door to the store was unlocked but as we stepped in it was obvious that no one was tending the store.  We went outside and waited on the porch for a couple of minutes, after which a man greeted us from the adjacent house.  His wife soon followed him into the store.  After telling him of our wares, they decided to purchase one box of candy.  The name of the product was Penny Lunch.  It consisted of a 360 count individually wrapped treat that was basically a peanut butter stuffed hard candy log.  The price to the store was, as I recall, about $1.60.  And, as the name implies, the item was sold for one cent each.  Both the man and his wife had to scour several places, even going into the house to retrieve some change, in order to come up with the total price of the product.  I dutifully wrote up the order, delivered the box and we left for the next store.  Even though all of the other stores we were visiting resulted in orders comfortably larger than that one, they were certainly not the gang-busters sales that I felt we would have to have kept the route going.  So that was the deciding day that took me away from the Ailiff Brothers Candy Company, Merchandise Jobbers Extraordinaire, for good.

 I am sorry to hear that Fred is suffering from pneumonia now.  This is the time of the year that makes getting rid of that malady worse than ever.  I knew that he has had to rely on oxygen.  I guess all of us ex-smokers can fall prey to that kind of problem at any time.  But I can knock on wood that both Ilse and I have been lucky for the past two years, avoiding any serious colds, etc.

 We just experienced three days of rain but the total rainfall has only been 1 & 1/2 inch.  We are over 14 inches in deficit now for the year.

      I expect to receive my Wayne County News tomorrow so I hope they will have a write-up on the fire in Fort Gay.  There have been some really disheartening stories in recent issues about the problems in Fort Gay.  I think most of the problems reported are on the water system and sewer system.  Those systems are about 60 to 70 years old now, maybe older.  And they are really in jeopardy of collapsing, I think, judging from the stories.  They even had to call onWayneCountyGovt.for assistance and they had to connect on to Lavallette water system just to keep some customers supplied.  I am sure you have heard all of this from your visits back there but it so sad to hear stories like that.  I also noticed that some people have lost their land and property to tax liens.  That area has been passed by the kind hand of commerce, industry and fate, or so it seems to a long distance observer such as myself.  Even as a teenager I used to complain about some land owners who, reportedly, refused to sell land to prospective industry builders.  Of course large pieces of level land accessible to road and rail transportation comes far and few between.  Once I thought that natural gas might bring about a growing industry or at least some small employers who might make the area grow.  That is one of the reasons that I cheer for Prichard now with the intermodal facility.  Hopefully they can make use of the Big Sandy River too, to add to that facility.  It is just a sad thought about my place of growing up.  I didn’t do as well in life as I had wished I could have thus far.  (Is it too late to claim I am still a work in progress?)  But now I wish Fort Gay could have benefitted from some industry for the area and expanded into a more thriving and ever-renewing place.

 And it seems that illegal drug sales and use in Fort Gay has reached saddening proportions.  But I read very little about the Fort Gay Police Department now.

  If you have read this far, it is too late to tell you to just hit ‘delete’.  Maybe this is just a vent for sadness on my part.

 The happy part of this time is that we just had a joyous Christmas and hope to have a good start in the New Year.  All of our family gathered here and we celebrated quietly.  Hope you had the same good time.

Bill W.

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Out thanks to Marcella Thompson for passing along the below obituary notice.  As you can see Chief Master Sergeant Back devoted his lifetime in service to his country.  He was a member of the FGHS Class of 1958.  Our country will miss him

OBITUARY NOTICE–DEC. 21 2011

Funeral services for a former Ashland, Louisa and Fort Gay WV resident who served 26 years in the Air Force and attained the highest enlisted rank and was the recipient of one of the military branch’s most prestigious awards, will be conducted Wednesday, Dec. 28 in Universal City, TX.

Charles D. Back, 71, died Dec. 13. A resident of Gilbert, AZ, he retired from the USAF as a Chief Master Sergeant (CMSgt) and then worked for Honeywell for 20 years. He was born in Fort Gay to Phoebe Ratliff Back of Ashland and the late David Back. Also surviving are his wife, Maria (Joyce) Back, and their children, Guy, Gary, Wendy, David and Crystal, and grandchildren, Jessica, Devon, Cody, Phoebe, Carson and James. He is also survived by two sisters, Patricia (Elton) Ramey and Martha (James) Preston, both of Ashland.

The funeral will be held at Colonial Funeral Home in Universal City at noon, with burial in the Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery at 1 :30 p.m. He grew up in Louisa and Fort Gay and attended Ashland High School and Berea College. He was a 1958 graduate of Fort Gay High School.

CMSgt Back was the subject of a feature story in the Ashland Daily Independent in July 1981. Earlier that month he had been presented the Dudley C. Sharp Award during a ceremony at Randolph Air Force Base near San Antonio, TX. The presentation was made by Secretary of the Air Force Verne Orr and CMSgt Back was the first enlisted recipient. He was given the honor for developing and testing a centralized aircraft support system. It had a projected life-cycle savings of more than $75 million in personnel, fuel and mainte­nance costs for the Air Training Command.

Other military honors include: Airman of the Quarter, Man of the Year, a meritori­ous service medal for outstanding achievement, two Air Force commendation medals. and five campaign stars for Vietnam service. He had tours in Northern Africa, England and Southeast Asia, including Cambodia and Da Nang, Vietnam.

CMSgt Back began working on his new logistical support system in 1978 and it had to receive Congressional approval. He worked with architectural engineers contracted to design the Centralized Aircraft Support System which was tested and put into service at Randolph. It was designed to service T-38 trainers and was to be expanded to other Air Training Command bases.

The family has requested in lieu of flowers, memorial contributions may be made to Fort Gay Baptist Church, P.O. Box 184, Fort Gay, WV 25514 or to the Fort Gay High School Alumni Association, c/o Joe Damron, 211 Hardwick Ridge Road, Fort Gay, WV 25514.

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John Plymale forwarded the below bit of writing to me.  It was sent to him by one of his friends.  It was probably written by someone many years ago situated on a hill top on Queens Creek.  While it is a day or two late for Christmas,  it is still appropriate.  It certainly takes one back to one’s childhood.

     WHEN THE CREATOR MOULDED THE WORLD

     HE MADE SOME OF IT FLAT

     LOOKED AROUND IN DISMAY AND SAID,

     “I CAN DO BETTER THAN THAT.”

      SO HE TOOK SOME COAL, SOME CLAY

      AND SOME SLATE.

      AND MOULDED WEST VIRGINIA,

      THE MOUNTAIN STATE.

      HE PLANTED SOME TREES,

      MADE RIVERS AND LAKES,

      THEN TOOK A LONG BREATH AND SAID,

      “FOR GOODNESS SAKES,”

       “I’LL PUT IN THIS VAST AREA

        SOME PEOPLE I HOLD DEAR

        AND THE NAME OF THESE PEOPLE

        SHALL BE MOUNTAINEERS !”

        A PROUD, KINDLY PEOPLE,

        BLESSED WITH MOUNTAINS SO GREEN,

        SNOW COVERED SKI SLOPES,

        RIVERS SERENE,

        SENECA AND PINNACLE ROCKS

        REACHING TOWARDS THE SKY,

        THEIR AWESOME BEAUTY, NO ONE CAN DENY.

        WITH THE CHANGING SEASONS,

         COME SPRING, SUMMER, FALL

         THEN COMES WINTER, SO SPECIAL TO ALL,

         THE SMELL OF FRESH PINE,

         TREE LIGHTS AGLOW,

          BLUE SMOKE CURLING FROM CHIMNEYS

          REFLECTIONS IN THE SNOW.

          THIS IS A TIME FOR

           REJOICING AND PRAISE

          CHILDREN AND GROWN-UPS

          COUNTING THE DAYS….

          A TIME FOR REFLECTION AND THE

          JOYS WE AWAIT.

          MERRY CHRISTMAS FROM WEST VIRGINIA

          THE MOUNTAIN STATE.

            (AUTHOR UNKNOWN)

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Lt. Colonel MICHAEL SCOTT LAKIN, AN AMERICAN HERO

(Dec 26, 2011)

Lt. Colonel MICHAEL SCOTT LAKIN, 42, of Charleston, W.Va., died on December 22, 2011, from injuries sustained after the crash of his aerobatic plane near Marysville, Ohio. He was born in Huntington, W.Va., on August 23, 1969, to Doris Short Lakin (deceased) and Lawrence Ferguson Lakin. Michael is survived by the light of his life, daughter Kathryn Patricia Lakin and her mother Dr. Carrie Lakin of Charleston, W.Va.; his father Lawrence F. Lakin and his wife Mary Lou Pelfrey Lakin of Huntington, W.Va.; a proud brother Richard Lee “Rick” Lakin, his wife Kaye, and their son Andrew of Ashland, Kentucky; a beloved sister, Patricia “Patti” Lakin Smith and her husband Ted of Milton, W.Va.; a brother by marriage, Larry Michael Pelfrey, his wife Teresa and their sons Andrew and Tyler of Huntington, W.Va.; and a sister by marriage, Lynn Pelfrey Kearns, her husband John and their children Jack, Bradley and Caroline of Oak Hill, Va.; special aunts and uncles Gloria “Gee Gee” and James Billups, both of whom shared his passion for flying, Carole and Ed Yetter of Zanesville, Ohio, Treva Short, of Louisa, Ky., Barbara Wright of Richmond, Kentucky, Mary and Glendell Frasher of Columbus, Ohio, Sue and Jay Stanley of Knoxville, Tennessee; and a host of cousins too numerous to name, whom he loved dearly. He also leaves behind a special friend, Cherie Rosier of Fairmont, W.Va. Michael was preceded in death by his paternal grandparents James S. and Lyda Frazier Lakin of Fort Gay, W.Va.; maternal grandparents William R. Short and Nannie Moore Short of Louisa, Ky.; two uncles, PFC Richard Lee Lakin of Fort Gay, W.Va., and Billy F. Short of Louisa, Ky.; and two aunts, Virgie Pelfrey of Huntington, W.Va., and Blanche Wellman of Ft. Gay, W.Va. Michael spent his early years in Kenova, W.Va., and his formative years in Wheelersburg, Ohio, where he attended elementary and high school, graduating from Wheelersburg High in 1987. Michael completed his first solo flight on September 15, 1985, and earned his private pilot’s license one year later, launching his aviation career. Afterward, at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Fla., Michael earned his commercial pilot’s license at age 18 and his flight instructor certificate a year later, ultimately graduating in 1990 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Studies. Michael then joined the United States Marine Corps, for whom he flew attack helicopters in the Far East. He later served as a fixed-wing flight instructor at Naval Air Station Whiting Field near Pensacola in the Florida panhandle. After leaving active duty in 1999, Michael served with the W.Va. Air National Guard, 130th Airlift Wing, based in Charleston, and became a C-130 Hercules pilot. He was a full-time Guardsman and rose to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He flew many combat missions in both Iraq and Afghanistan. Michael had recently returned from another deployment to Iraq, where he was an operations officer for RC-26 detachment out of Clarksburg, W.Va. Michael also flew for the W.Va. state government’s aviation unit, beginning in 2008, and was a corporate pilot for then-Governor Joe Manchin, now a U.S. Senator. In the weeks following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Michael was one of just a few pilots who helped fly troops and supplies to and from New Orleans. Michael also entertained many at airshows, piloting his 2004 American Champion Bellanca Super Decathlon stunt plane. Michael was an active member of Christ Church United Methodist in Charleston, W.Va., where he assisted as a volunteer for the Breaking Bread ministry, a free dinner church members offer to the community. He also was a member of the Pathfinder Sunday School class. The family will receive friends from 3 to 5 p.m. and 6 to 8 p.m. Monday, December 26, 2011, at the Reger Funeral Home, Huntington. Funeral services will be conducted at 11 a.m. Tuesday, December 27, 2011, at Fifth Avenue Baptist Church in Huntington, W.Va., by Dr. Allen Reasons and Dr. Randy Flanagan. Michael will be buried near his mother in the James A. Ferguson Cemetery in Fort Gay, W.Va. In lieu of flowers contributions may be made to the Breaking Bread ministry at Christ Church United Methodist, 1221 Quarrier Street, Charleston, W.Va. 25301.

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HE IS ON HIS WAY

OK, it is nine pm and from what I hear, Santa has officially begun his trip.  I am not sure what time he departed the North Pole, but there have already been scattered reports of sightings of flying objects with an occasionall doll, candy cane, or other toy dropping out of the sky.  No hits or injuries to anyone as of this time.  Santa must have really loaded his sleigh heavy this time.  He says the bad economy has no effect on him and those that believe in Santa. 

When I was growing up on Queens Creek there was no forewarning as to when Santa would arrive.  Radar was in its infancy and not in general use, so the only way that you knew it was the time of night for him to arrive was when your parents insisted it was time for bed and if you did not comply he wouldn’t be stopping at your house.   Now that was motivation enough for me.  To bed I would go, but to sleep I would not.  While tossing and turning and letting my imagination roam,  I would hear strange creaking and thumping and I was just certain that Santa was somewhere in my house.  And I would wonder what he was leaving me, hopefully, something I had asked for.

I recall for a few weeks prior to Christmas that there would be a local radio station that would broadcast Santa reading letters from children.  I so looked forward to hearing the show and being amazed at all of the things children were asking for.  I never wrote a letter, and looking back, I wished I had.  Wouldn’t that have been a wonderful memory to  have today.  WOW! Santa read my letter on the radio.  I would have dreams of the North Pole and how wonderful it must be to live there.  All of the toys in the world, lots of candy, and the excitement of helping Santa get ready for his trip.

We had a minister at our church a few years ago that decided that because there was some paganism in early celebrations in Europe that they would teach their children that there was not Santa Claus. They taught them that many years ago that there was a Saint Nicholas who traveled around and did good deeds but that he had been dead for many years and that today’s Santa was patterned after him.  At the time his children ranged from 2 or 3 years of age up to 8 or 9.  He had his 7 year old son at the mall one December performing some shopping duties.  They were on an elevator and a lady got on who was in a talkative mood.  She asked the little boy what he wanted Santa to bring him for Christmas.  The little boy firmly stated to her without hesitation that, “there is no Santa, he died a long time ago”.  She was shocked at the answer and gave the minister looks that indicated her feelings.  The minister, realizing that she probably perceived him as a monster, averted his eyes and held his breath until the elevator reached his floor and he and his son could beat a retreat to another part of the mall.  Do you perhaps think that was Santa Claus’s way of getting even?

My Christmas present came last night in the birth of a great grand son in Indianapolis.  I was there and saw mother and son within a few minutes of his birth.  It is very difficult to not shed a tear of joy at such a sight.  I don’t believe I have ever felt such a joy in knowing that when I held him a short time later that I was holding in my arms the hope and salvation of all mankind.  It was a sense of wonderment in knowing the responsibility that God had already laid on his small shoulders.  How could anyone question that there is a God upon witnessing such a miracle  and that he is still creating.  There are those that may think I am a little “spacey” because I still believe in miracles and the spirit of Santa Claus but let me put it another way.  Let’s assume that in the end I am wrong and you are right.  I then have lost nothing because I have been a better and happier person because of my faith and beliefs.  But let’s assume  you are wrong.  YOU LOSE!!

My hope for all would be that for all of you that Santa would have on his sleigh a message of reassurance and a promise of good health for the coming year.

May tomorrow, the day that we celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ be the happiest day of your life.  As Santa would say, “MERRY CHRISTMAS TO ALL AND TO ALL A GOOD NIGHT!

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YES, VIRGINIA………

 The below story is not only true but the event happened some one hundred plus years ago.  I am sure we have all heard the expression, “Yes Virginia, there is a Santa Claus” and perhaps most, if not all know the story.  It certainly is worth repeating and remembering at this time of year.  It is to bad that we do not have editorial writers such as Francis Church writing today.  I, for one, cast the first vote in favor of Santa Claus.  Do  I believe in Santa Claus?  Well, what do you think?????

Sept. 21, 1897, The New York Sun published what was to become the most widely read letter to a newspaper. It was sent by 8-year-old Virginia O’Hanlon, who lived with her parents in Manhattan. Below is the full text of that letter and the reply by Sun editorial writer Francis Pharcellus Church.  What an inspiration his writing is.

Dear Editor, I am 8 years old.

Some of my little friends say there is no Santa Claus.

Papa says, “If you see it in The Sun, it’s so.”

Please tell me the truth, is there a Santa Claus?

Virginia O’Hanlon

115 W. 95th St.

Virginia, your little friends are wrong. They have been affected by the skepticism of a skeptical age. They do not believe except they see. They think that nothing can be which is not comprehensible by their little minds. All minds, Virginia, whether they be men’s or children’s, are little. In this great universe of ours man is a mere insect, an ant, in his intellect, as compared with the boundless world about him, as measured by the intelligence capable of grasping the whole truth and knowledge.

Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus. He exists as certainly as love and generosity and devotion exist, and you know that they abound and give to your life its highest beauty and joy. Alas! How dreary would be the world if there were no Santa Claus! It would be as dreary as if there were no Virginias. There would be no childlike faith then, no poetry, no romance to make tolerable this existence. We should have no enjoyment, except in sense and sight. The eternal light with which childhood fills the world would be extinguished.

Not believe in Santa Claus! You might as well not believe in fairies! You might get your papa to hire men to watch in all the chimneys on Christmas Eve to catch Santa Claus, but even if they did not see Santa Claus coming down, what would that prove? Nobody sees Santa Claus, but that is no sign that there is no Santa Claus. The most real things in the world are those that neither children nor men can see. Did you ever see fairies dancing on the lawn? Of course not, but that’s no proof that they are not there. Nobody can conceive or imagine all the wonders there are unseen and unseeable in the world.

You tear apart the baby’s rattle and see what makes the noise inside, but there is a veil covering the unseen world which not the strongest man, nor even the united strength of all the strongest men that ever lived, could tear apart. Only faith, fancy, poetry, love, romance can push aside that curtain and view and picture the supernal beauty and glory beyond. Is it all real? Ah, Virginia, in all this world there is nothing else real and abiding.

No Santa Claus! Thank God he lives and he lives forever. A thousand years from now, Virginia, nay 10 times 10 thousand years from now, he will continue to make glad the heart of childhood.

 
 
 

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It is with sadness that we note the following news article regarding the crash of a small aerobatics airplane at a Ohio airport involving a West Virginia man.  Michael  Scott Lakin was the son of Lawrence Lakin.  Lawrence is an alumnus of Fort Gay High School and he and Mary Lou are loyal supporters of the FGHS Memorial Scholarship.   I know all will wish to join me in offering our prayers and sympathies to Lawrence and Mary Lou on the passing of Michael.

Thursday, Dec. 22, 2011 | 3:45 p.m.

A West Virginia National Guard pilot performing air maneuvers for recertification was killed in a plane crash at a central Ohio airport.

The Ohio State Highway Patrol identified the pilot as 42-year-old Michael Scott Lakin of Charleston. Dispatcher Doug Webb says he was injured in the crash around noon Thursday at the Union County Airport and died later at a hospital.

Airport general manager Ed Rusch (rush) says Lakin was performing low-altitude aerobatics for an on-site examiner when his plane crashed just south of the airport’s runway in Marysville, 25 miles northwest of Columbus. Rusch says aerobatic pilots must be recertified periodically to perform at air shows.

West Virginia Sen. Joe Manchin said in a statement that Lakin was also a pilot for the state and that Lakin was proud to serve his country.

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It is with sadness that we report the passing of another FGHS alumni.  Blanche Davis was a member of the class of 1947 and had attended a couple of alumni association reunions.  At the time Blanche graduated from Fort Gay, residents of Prichard were given the option of attending either Fort Gay High School or Buffalo High School.  Blanche chose Fort Gay along with members of the Haeberlin family and others.  Our thoughts and prayers go out to Blanche’s family.

THELMA BLANCHE DAVIS BURTON

(Dec 20, 2011)

THELMA BLANCHE DAVIS BURTON, 82, of Shepherdstown, W.Va., passed away on Sunday, December 18, 2011, at her residence while under the care of Hospice. Born February 6, 1929, in Prichard, W.Va., she was the daughter of the late Mont Lee and Zella Thacker Davis. She worked in the patients’ accounts department of Baptist Hospital in Miami, Fla. She is survived by two daughters, Connie L. Santiago and Dianna L. Morgan, both of Shepherdstown; two grandchildren, Lisa M. Santiago of Holyoke, Mass., and Steven David Morgan of Hammonton, N.J.; two brothers, Ralph and Mack Davis; and three sisters, Glenna Sturm, Barbara Sloan and Jean Meade. She was preceded in death by her husband Charles Edward Burton; one son David N. Morgan; one brother Ken Davis; and two sisters, Audrey Thompson and Freda Davis. Services and interment are private. Arrangements by Brown Funeral Home. Online condolences may be offered at www.BrownFuneralHomesWV.com

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Bill Welllman passed along the below interesting history item.  In that we just observed Pearl Harbor Day, I thought all might find the below of some interest.  I know the movie “The Great Escape” goes down as one of my favorite all time movies.  THANKS Bill for sending the below.  I hope you don’t mind it being shared with all.

Fourth Stalag Luft III Tunnel Found
The classic Steve McQueen movie immortalised three tunnels at Stalag Luft III PoW camp, now astonished archaeologists have discovered a fourth called George
By CLAUDIA JOSEPH

 

It has lain hidden for nearly 70 years and looks, to the untrained eye, like a building site. But this insignificant tunnel opening in the soft sand of western Poland represents one of the greatest examples of British wartime heroism. And the sensational story became the Hollywood classic, The Great Escape, starring Steve McQueen.

We are standing in the notorious PoW camp Stalag Luft III, built at the height of the Third Reich, 100 miles east of Berlin. Ten thousand prisoners were kept under German guns here on a 60-acre site ringed with a double barbed-wire fence and watchtowers.

They slept in barrack huts raised off the ground so guards could spot potential tunnellers, but the Germans did not count on the audacity of British Spitfire pilot Squadron Leader Roger Bushell, played by Sir Richard Attenborough in the 1963 film. He was interned at the camp in March 1943. With him were about 2,000 other RAF officers, many of whom were seasoned escapers from other camps, with skills in tunnelling, forgery and manufacturing.

Frank Stone, seated, with Dr Tony Pollard on the site of George
From them Bushell hand-picked a team for his ambitious plan: to dig their way out of captivity.

Three tunnels nicknamed Tom, Dick and Harry were constructed 30ft underground using homemade tools. While Tom was discovered and destroyed by the Germans, Dick was used for storage.

The third tunnel, Harry, became the stuff of folklore on the night of March 24, 1944, when Allied prisoners gathered in hut 104 before crawling along the 100ft tunnel to a brief taste of freedom. Only three escaped; 73 were rounded up by the Germans and 50 were summarily executed.

Few could have blamed their devastated comrades for sitting out the remainder of the war. Yet far from being dispirited, a few men began work on a fourth tunnel nicknamed ‘George’, which was kept so secret that only a handful of prisoners knew about it.

Incredibly, George has just been uncovered after a team of engineers, archaeologists and historians excavated the site, a project filmed for a Channel 4 documentary Digging The Great Escape.

‘You have to admire these men,’ said chief archaeologist Dr Tony Pollard. ‘The Germans believed that the deaths of those 50 men would have acted as a deterrent for future escapees. But these men were even more determined.’

With us at the site are two of them: Gordie King, 91, an RAF pilot who operated the pump providing the tunnel with fresh air on the night of the Great Escape, and Frank Stone, 89, a gunner who shared a room with the ‘tunnel king’ Wally Floody, an ex-miner in charge of the digging. They stand, heads bowed, reminiscing about their former colleagues. It is the first time Gordie, who was shot down on his first mission to Bremen in 1942, has returned to the camp since he and the remaining prisoners of war were marched out on January 27, 1945, as Russian forces approached.

‘It has been very emotional,’ he said. ‘It brings back such bittersweet memories. I am amazed by everything they have found.’
A widower with six children, he has vivid memories of working on tunnel Harry, performing guard duty and acting as a ‘penguin’ to disperse the sand excavated from the tunnels, whose entrances were hidden by the huts’ stoves.

They were called penguins because they waddled when they walked.

‘We would put bags around our neck and down our trousers, fill them with excavated sand, then pull a string to release it on to the field where we played soccer, all in a very nonchalant way,’ Gordie said.

‘One of my jobs was to look out of the window at the main gate 24 hours a day and write down how many guards went in and out,’ he recalled. ‘Another was warning watch. If the Germans came into the compound, we would pull the laundry line down and everyone would stop what they were doing and resume normal duties. The guards were not exactly brilliant. They were taken from what we called 4F – not fit for frontline fighting.

Poignant memories: Frank Stone, left, and Gordie King with recovered artifacts including the pistol, below

‘I’m thrilled by it all,’ added Frank, who was shot down on his second mission: a bombing raid on Ludwigshafen oil refinery. ‘It’s like a war memorial for me. I don’t want people ever to forget the 50 men who died. The escape was thrilling and exciting but those men paid the price for it.’

Inevitably security tightened after the Great Escape and an inventory was taken by the Germans to gauge the extent of the operation. The roll- call of hidden items is astounding: 4,000 bedboards, 90 double bunk beds, 635 mattresses, 62 tables, 34 chairs, 76 benches, 3,424 towels, 2,000 knives and forks, 1,400 cans of Klim powdered milk, 300 metres of electric wire and 180 metres of rope.

To prevent further escape attempts, the Germans filled in Harry with sand. So effective was the cover-up that when the remaining prisoners wanted to build a memorial for the 50 men who died, the exact site of the tunnel could not be agreed on.
Now, for the first time in 66 years, the archaeologists have pinpointed the entrance shaft to Harry after compiling a map of the camp using aerial photography.

What was most surprising for the team was the structure within the shaft. The bedboards were interlocked to line the tunnel but the sand was so soft that plaster and sandbags were used to prevent it engulfing the tunnel. Amazingly, the ventilation shaft, which was made out of discarded powdered milk tins, was still intact.

Prisoner of War: Frank, ringed, during his days in prison
Dr Pollard, 46, who co-founded Glasgow University’s Centre for Battlefield Archaeology, said: ‘I was surprised at just how emotional I became when we found Harry. We were the first people to see the tunnel in decades. But it came to a point when we realised we couldn’t progress with the excavation. As soon as you drive a shaft into the sand, it is so soft it starts to collapse. It shows just how skilled those prisoners were.’

After abandoning Harry, the team set their sights on finding the secret fourth tunnel rumoured to have been dug underneath the floorboards in the camp theatre.

Using ground-scanning radar equipment, they found – beneath what would have been seat 13 – the trap door to a space that gave real insight into how the earlier tunnels would have been built.

To the left, between the floor joists, was a storage area for equipment – Klim tins, tools, a trolley and the ventilation pump – and abandoned sand. A few feet away was the entrance to the tunnel shaft, and at its bottom a separate chamber, which archaeologists believe was the radio room.

After abandoning Harry, the team set their sights on finding the secret fourth tunnel rumoured to have been dug underneath the floorboards in the camp theatre.

Down a single step lay the tunnel itself, intricately shored with bed boards, wired for light and equipped with the trademark trolley system used to shift both sand and men quickly and silently through the tunnels. It looked like a miniature railway with trolleys running on tracks linked by rope and pulled along by men at either end.

‘George turned out to be an absolute gem,’ explained Dr Pollard. ‘We found the shaft and excavated the tunnel which ran the entire length of the theatre. It was incredibly well preserved, with timber-lined walls, electrical wiring and homemade junction boxes, and was tall enough to walk through at a stoop. The craftsmanship is phenomenal. You can even see the groove on the top of the manhole cover, where it would swivel and slot into the floorboard above.

‘It was built at a time of heightened security at the camp. It is a fighting tunnel, not an escape tunnel. It was heading for the German compound from where the prisoners hoped to steal weapons and fight their way out.

The men knew the end of the war was nigh and they were playing a dangerous game. To see what most of the prisoners never saw was a real thrill. The Germans obviously discovered Harry but they never had a clue about George.’

The massive collection of artefacts found inside the tunnel included trenching tools; a fat-burning lamp crafted from a Klim tin; solder made from the silver foil of cigarette packets for the wiring system; a belt buckle and briefcase handle from the escapers’ fake uniforms as well as a German gun near hut 104.  They also uncovered the axle and wheels from one of the tunnel trolleys, identical to the one used in Harry, and the remains of an air pump; a kind of hand-operated bellows which drew fresh air from the surface down a duct to the tunnel.

But the piece de resistance was a clandestine PoW radio crafted from a biscuit box and cannibalised from two radios smuggled into the camp.

Tunnel vision: A tunnel reconstruction showing the trolley system, tried out, below, by Frank, 89

Frank was instrumental in making the coil for the radio, which he moulded from an old 78 record. ‘I helped with the work on the construction of the radio, doing the soldering and things like that,’ he recalled, ‘cutting out bits of tins and whatever we needed for the equipment.’

Gordie added: ‘I remember one day walking around the camp with a friend when we saw this huge coil of wire. We grabbed it, covered it up with our coats and took it back to the hut. The Germans could not understand where the wire went. Until then we had had to rely on old tins of margarine with a wick in them, made from pajama cord, to light the tunnel, but they were smoky, used up oxygen and were continually getting knocked out.’

On the night of the Great Escape, 200 prisoners, allocated consecutive numbers, gathered in hut 104 to make their escape, each a few minutes apart. The leaders were dressed in German uniforms or specially tailored civvies and kitted out with maps, compasses and forged documents.

Gordie, who was slot 140, remembers sharing final words with many of the escapers, wishing them luck and complimenting them on ‘their impressive disguises’.

‘It was quite exciting,’ he said. ‘Only the key German-speaking officers, who had a good chance of bluffing their way through, were given documents and civilian uniforms. The rest of us were so-called hard-a**ers, who were expected to get out and run.’

War classic: Steve McQueen on the set of the classic movie, The Great Escape

According to Roger Bushell’s plan, thousands of German soldiers and police would be deployed to hunt the escapers, preventing them from fighting the Allies. But after 76 men had escaped, the remainder were caught leaving the tunnel by German guards. Seventy-three of the men who got away were rounded up over the next few weeks and 23 were returned to the camp. The other 50 were shot in the back of the head by the guards at the side of the road. Only three escapees, Norwegians Per Bergsland and Jens Muller, and Dutch fighter pilot Bram van der Stok, succeeded in reaching safety. Bergsland and Muller got to neutral Sweden and Van der Stok made it to Gibraltar via Holland and France.

‘Afterwards the morale in the camp was very depressed,’ said Frank, tears in his eyes. ‘It was eerie. We had a period of mourning and held a memorial service. People just wandered around the camp quietly.’

‘A mass of doom enveloped the whole camp as so many of us had friends who were shot,’ added Gordie. ‘My close friend Jimmy Wernham, who came from the same town as me, was one of those who didn’t come back.

‘Before he went out, he took his ring off and gave it to his roommate Hap Geddes, who wasn’t going out, and said, “If anything happens to me, I want you to take this ring and give it to my fiancee.” After the war, Hap took the ring back to Dorothy and struck up a relationship with her. He ended up marrying her. He is still alive and living in Canada.’

Frank added: ‘I hope that what has been revealed will remind everybody what we went through and how we met the challenges. It was a privilege to be involved.’

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  I just saw this recent news release by the U.S. Dept. of Tramsportation.  This is GREAT news for Wayne County and especially the village of Prichard and surrounding area.  This is a follow up to some information in the Chronicles a few weeks ago regarding the hopes for an intermodal terminal at Prichard.  Maxie, you should love this.                                                                                             The West Virginia Public Port Authority has been awarded $12 million by the U.S. Department of Transportation to construct the long-planned intermodal terminal along Norfolk Southern’s Heartland Corridor near Prichard.

The latest grant means that more than two-thirds of the $30 million needed for the project has been collected and “officially puts the project into overdrive,” said West Virginia Delegate Don Perdue, who also is executive director of the Wayne County Economic Development Authority.

The Prichard Intermodal Facility is being developed to serve as a cargo-transfer station for rail and trucking along the Norfolk Southern rail line. It would provide modern, efficient freight container service and enhanced access to international rail lines.

Such intermodal facilities can spur more nearby development, such as warehouses for the companies with goods being transferred, officials have said.

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